Bioluminescence First Evolved in Invertebrates About 540 Million Years Ago

An ancient soft coral species first lit up about 540 million years ago, according to a statistical model.

By Paul Smaglik
Apr 23, 2024 11:01 PMApr 24, 2024 1:07 PM
Shining Coral
The bamboo octocoral Isidella sp. displaying bioluminescence in the Bahamas in 2009 (Credit: Sönke Johnsen)

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Living organisms activated a natural light source nearly 300 million years earlier than previously thought, according to a study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

A group of scientists from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History used genetic data and statistical modelling to demonstrate that bioluminescence — the ability of living things to produce light through chemical reactions — first evolved in marine invertebrates called octocorals about 540 million years ago.

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Octocorals — or soft corals — are small polyp-shaped creatures that create a network of soft structures for their living quarters. In contrast, corals are larger and build harder structures for housing.

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